Common Types of Valves and Their Distinct Functions

From aircraft systems to manufacturing processes, valves are a nearly ubiquitous component in any mechanical system that requires the regulation, control, and direction of fluid flow. Without valves, fluid control would be inefficient and often unsafe, especially when dealing with slurries or high-pressure operations. As a result, it becomes important for any managing such systems or to have an understanding of common options for proper selection and use. In this blog, we will provide insight into some of the most recognized valve categories, focusing on their distinct functionalities, designs, and applications.

The ball valve is a type that finds prevalence in various pipelines, fuel systems, and hydraulic equipment, capable of controlling liquid or gas flow in a reliable manner. When the valve is in an open position, fluids will flow through a ball that features a hole in the middle. By adjusting the positioning of this ball through rotation, the path can be fully or partially obstructed. This simple yet effective design makes ball valves ideal for quick shutoff applications where tight seals are critical. Similar to these are plug valves, which use a cylindrical or tapered plug instead of a ball. This provides increased reliability for on-off control, driving their use within chemical processing and fuel systems.

As the next category we will discuss, butterfly valves function using a rotating disc to control fluid flow. When the valve actuator turns the disc parallel or perpendicular to the flow, it respectively permits or deters the passage of fluids. Butterfly valves are known for being lightweight and more compact as compared to similar options, making them ideal for applications where space and weight are concerns. For example, aircraft fuel valve assemblies often take advantage of these devices. Additionally, they are also common in water distribution systems, HVAC equipment, and other settings where passages are frequently opened and closed.

When a system faces a risk of damage or contamination as a result of fluid backflow, devices like the check valve are typically used. With a self-activated design, the pressure of media moving through a system will automatically open up the valve’s passage for flow. Once there is not enough pressure to push the passage open, it will close and prevent any downstream fluids from moving backward in the system. With straightforward functionality, check valves will generally be used for water pumps, HVAC systems, and other equipment where there is necessity in maintaining fluid flow in an intended direction.

For large pipelines, fuel systems, and water distribution networks where minimal resistance is desired when in an open state, the gate valve is the popular option. As their name suggests, these devices raise or lower a gate to control fluid flow. While reliable for basic management, they are generally not suitable for throttling purposes, as partially opening or closing the gate can lead to wear and decreased performance over time.

To achieve optimal throttling and regulation, the globe valve is a category that is defined by the use of a movable disc to adjust the passage of fluids. Capable of conducting shutoff and flow control processes, these valves are commonplace in control valve assemblies within chemical processing, oil and gas, and water treatment plants.

As the last category we will cover, pressure relief valves are those designed to protect systems from excessive pressure build-up. Whether in the form of a hydraulic or pneumatic valve, these devices will automatically release pressure and media when a certain threshold is surpassed. This makes them essential in any assembly where over-pressurization could lead to catastrophic failure, such as a vacuum system or fuel tank.

While choosing the right valve is crucial for system performance, valve maintenance is equally important to ensure long-term functionality. Regular inspections should be carried out to check for signs of wear, leaks, or corrosion, with replacement being conducted as necessary. To ensure that proper schedules are followed, one should always adhere to manufacturer recommendations or industry regulations.

Here at Hardware Dispatch, we can help you secure all of the various valves and maintenance tools you require to uphold the performance and longevity of your equipment. Whether you need expedited service for an unexpected issue or are simply addressing routine needs, you can always expect competitive pricing, on-time delivery, and leading customer support when you shop with us. We are also fully dedicated to quality, upholding rigorous practices at every stage of sourcing and fulfillment to guarantee the best with each purchase. With our dedications in mind, be sure to initiate procurement today on Hardware Dispatch.